Experimental or observational, case-control and cohort study, analytical and descriptive, randomised and non-randomised, outcome-exposure or exposure-outcome, risk of bias. Understanding how to read a research paper or start a research project is an important skill in nursing.

Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002). An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. The Lancet, 359(9300), 57-61.

Introduction to study Designs - ppt download

Additional Resources

Greenhalgh, T. (2001). How to read a paper: the basics of evidence-based medicine. (2nd ed.) BMJ Publishing.

Nursing Education Network. (2018). Barriers to using research findings in practice: The clinician's perspective.

Nursing Education Network. (2018). Nursing Research Process a Quick Guide.